BLEEDING ANAL PILES AND HEMMOROIDS SURGICAL TREATMENT

Surgical removal and Rubber band ligation (RBL) are the mostly used procedure for treatment of hemorrhoids. surgical removal of severe hemorrhoids is more effective in the long run than tying them off with rubber bands, a less invasive treatment alternative, according to a new review of studies. RBL procedures involves placing rubber bands around the base of the hemorrhoid, causing a break in circulation, causing the hemorrhoid to whither within two weeks. Though this procedure is effective, surgery has a better overall cure rate compared to RBL, as patients undergoing RBL procedures requires future treatment.

 ANAL FISSURE SURGICAL TREATMENT

Anal fissure is one of the most common lesions to consider in the differential diagnosis of anal pain. This is an ulcer in the squamous epithelium of the anus located just distal to the mucocutaneous junction and usually in the posterior midline. It typically causes episodic pain that occurs during defecation and for one to two hours afterwards. The choice of treatment remains difficult for the following reasons. Although surgery is highly efficacious and succeeds in curing the fissure in more than 90% of patients.

ANAL FISTULA SURGICAL TREATMNET

Surgical treatment remains a golden standard for simple fistulae with a tract <3.5 cm. Anal fistulae with a longer tract usually present a more complex problem and are often more difficult to treat surgically, the use of the fibrin glue-antibiotic complex proved to be a feasible method for those cases. It is a safe, cheap, reproducible, pain-free procedure, which eliminates the possibility of anal incontinence and can be performed under local anesthesia.

THYROID SURGERY

 Partial Thyroid Lobectomy. This operation is not performed very often because there are not many conditions which will allow this limited approach. Additionally, a benign lesion must be ideally located in the upper or lower portion of one lobe for this operation to be a choice. One example is shown on our hyperthyroid treatments page.

Thyroid Lobectomy. This is typically the "smallest" operation performed on the thyroid gland. It is performed for solitary dominant nodules which are worrisome for cancer or those which are indeterminate following fine needle biopsy. Also appropriate for follicular adenomas, solitary hot or cold nodules, or goiters which are isolated to one lobe (not common).

Thyroid Lobectomy with Isthmusectomy. This simply means removal of a thyroid lobe and the isthmus (the part that connects the two lobes). This removes more thyroid tissue than a simple lobectomy, and is used when a larger margin of tissue is needed to assure that the "problem" has been removed. Appropriate for those indications listed under thyroid lobectomy as well as for Hurthle cell tumors, and some very small and non-aggressive thyroid cancers.

Subtotal Thyroidectomy. Just as the name implies, this operation removes all the "problem" side of the gland as well as the isthmus and the majority of the opposite lobe. This operation is typical for small, non-aggressive thyroid cancers. Also a common operation for goiters which are causing problems in the neck or even those which extend into the chest (substernal goiters).

Total Thyroidectomy. This operation is designed to remove all of the thyroid gland. It is the operation of choice for all thyroid cancers which are not small and non-aggressive in young patients. Many (most?) surgeons prefer this complete removal of thyroid tissue for all thyroid cancers regardless of the type

BREAST SURGERY